Forward Contract
An agreement to exchange a set amount of one currency for another at a fixed rate on a future date. It locks in today’s rate, protecting a business from adverse currency moves before a payment falls due.
Related terms
Spot Rate
The current market exchange rate at which one currency can be bought or sold for immediate delivery. Spot trades typically settle two business days later (T+2).
Read full definitionForward Points
The amount added to or subtracted from the spot rate to price a forward contract. They reflect the interest-rate difference between the two currencies over the contract period.
Read full definitionHedging
Taking an offsetting position to reduce the impact of currency or price movements on a business. The aim is to protect margins and make cash flows more predictable, not to speculate.
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FX Swap
The simultaneous purchase and sale of the same amount of a currency for two different value dates, typically a near leg at spot and a far leg forward. It is used to roll a hedge forward or manage short-term cash-flow timing.
Read full definitionCurrency Pair
Two currencies quoted against each other, such as GBP/USD. The first is the base currency and the second the quote currency; the price shows how much of the quote currency one unit of the base is worth.
Read full definitionBid-Ask Spread
The difference between the price at which the market will buy a currency (bid) and the price at which it will sell (ask). A tighter spread means lower transaction costs.
Read full definitionPip
The smallest standard increment by which a currency pair moves, usually the fourth decimal place (0.0001). Pips are the common unit for quoting spreads and price movements.
Read full definitionSettlement (T+2)
The point at which both sides of a currency trade actually exchange funds. Most spot FX settles two business days after the trade date, written as T+2.
Read full definitionVirtual IBAN (VIBAN)
A unique IBAN issued on top of a master account, letting a business collect and reconcile payments in a customer’s or currency’s own name without opening a separate bank account for each one.
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